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In organic chemistry, a thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a sulfur-hydrogen bond (S-H). Thiols are the sulfur analogue of an alcohol. The SH functional group is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group. Thiols are often referred to as mercaptans.[1][2] Thiols and alcohols have similar molecular structure. The major difference is the size of the chalcogenide, C-S bond lengths being around 180 picometers in length. The C-S-H angles approach 90°. In the solid or molten liquids, the hydrogen-bonding between individual thiol groups is weak, the main cohesive force being van der Waals interactions between the highly polarizable divalent sulfur centers. Due to the small electronegativity difference between sulfur and hydrogen, an S-H bond is less polar than the hydroxyl group. Thiols have a lower dipole moment relative to the corresponding alcohol. Several ways of naming the alkylthiols
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