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In organic chemistry, a thiol is a compound that contains the functional group composed of a sulfur-hydrogen bond (-SH). Being the sulfur analogue of an alcohol group (-OH), this functional group is referred to either as a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group. More traditionally, thiols are often referred to as mercaptans.[1][2] Thiols and alcohols have similar molecular structure. The major difference being the size of the chalcogenide, C-S bond lengths being around 180 picometers in length. The C-S-H angles approach 90°. In the solid or molten liquids, the hydrogen-bonding between individual thiol groups is weak, the main cohesive force being van der Waals interactions between the highly polarizable divalent sulfur centers. Due to the small electronegativity difference between sulfur and hydrogen, an S-H bond is less polar than the hydroxyl group. Thiols have a lower dipole moment relative to the corresponding alcohol. Several ways of naming the alkylthiols
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