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Superoxide dismutases (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. As such, they are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. One of the exceedingly rare exceptions is Lactobacillus plantarum and related lactobacilli, which use a different mechanism.

The SOD-catalysed dismutation of superoxide may be written with the following half-reactions&_160;

where M = Cu (n=1)&_160;; Mn (n=2)&_160;; Fe (n=2)&_160;; Ni (n=2).

In this reaction the oxidation state of the metal cation oscillates between n and n+1.

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