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Hinduism It is very difficult to determine the early history of Shaivism.[1] The Svetasvatara Upanishad (400 - 200 BCE)[2] is the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism.[3] As explained by Gavin Flood, the text proposes ... a theology which elevates Rudra to the status of supreme being, the Lord (Sanskrit Isa) who is transcendent yet also has cosmological functions, as does Siva in later traditions.[4] During the Gupta Dynasty (c. 320 - 500 CE) Puranic religion developed and Shaivism spread rapidly, eventually throughout the subcontinent, spread by the singers and composers of the Puranic narratives.[5]
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