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A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong (covalent) chemical bonds.^[1][2] Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule is used less strictly and also is applied to charged organic molecules and biomolecules.

In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. According to this definition noble gas atoms are considered molecules despite the fact that they are composed of a single non-bonded atom.^[3]

A molecule may consist of atoms of a single chemical element, as with oxygen (O₂), or of different elements, as with water (H₂O). Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds are generally not considered single molecules.

Molecules as components of matter are common in organic substances (and therefore biochemistry). They also make up most of the oceans and atmosphere. A large number of familiar solid substances, however, including most of the minerals that make up the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth itself, contain many chemical bonds, but are not made of identifiable molecules. No typical molecule can be defined for ionic crystals (salts) and covalent crystals (network solids), although these are often composed of repeating unit cells that extend either in a plane (such as in graphene) or three-dimensionally (such as in diamond or sodium chloride). The theme of repeated unit-cellular-structure also holds for most condensed phases with metallic bonding. In glasses (solids that exist in a vitreous disordered state), atoms may also be held together by chemical bonds without any definable molecule, but also without any of the regularity of repeating units that characterises crystals.

Molecule Subcategories Molecule Articles Where to Find Antioxidants by Carl Spencer Jul 10, 2010 What exactly are antioxidants? And why is it so vital to our core health? At the molecular and cellular levels, antioxidants serve to deactivate certain particles called free radicals. In humans, free radicals usually come in the form of O2, ... Why CO2 is so Important to Hydroponic Systems and What is It? by Alma Newton May 03, 2010 CO2 is Carbon Dioxide. Basically it is made up of one carbon molecule and two oxygen molecules that are in a gaseous form at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. But enough of the elementary science - how is it important to hydroponics?... Human Growth Hormone And When It Was Found by Ivan Wyatt May 02, 2010 Human Growth Hormone was first discovered in 1956 and its structure was identified in 1972. It was extracted from cadavers, sold at very high prices, and injected with needles into the body. In mid-1998 the 191 chain Hgh molecule was genetic... How to Compare Fish Oils by Laurel Cohen Oct 19, 2009 If you compare fish oil, you will see that there are three basic kinds on the market. The one that has been around for more years than any other is the natural triglyceride form. Triglycerides are a kind of fat, composed of three fatty acids... Feeding Dogs Dairy Products by Daphne Reid Oct 08, 2009 Whether or not dogs can eat dairy products such as milk, Yoghurt and cheese is one of the most commonly asked questions from new dog owners. Unfortunately there is no concise answer to this, since individual dogs vary. The most abundant sugar... There Are Many Foods With Zeaxanthin - But they are Micronutrients - Present In Small Amounts by Gordon Hall Sep 24, 2009 There are many foods with zeaxanthin and the related molecule lutein, but the amount found in a serving is very small.  It is one of the micronutrients, so-called because they are present in our diets in practically microscopic amounts.  The hope is ... What is by John Arnast Jul 30, 2009 What is "Hoodia"? Hoodia Gordonii, simply called, "Hoodia", is a cactus-like desert plant. It is found in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. This plant contains a natural appetite suppressor, a molecule known as P57. This molecule, identif... KEEPING WATCH ON CALORIES WITH ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS by Nikhil Kelkar Apr 28, 2009 If you are targeting weight loss but are not succeeding because of your sweet tooth, its time to switch to zero-calorie sugar substitutes. Artificial sweeteners are calorie free sugar substitutes that you can use in your daily food intake without the... Different Herbal Treatments with Different Targets by Ines Khalsi Apr 22, 2009 Inulin Plants that Limit the Intestinal Absorption of Carbohydrates: yacon, Jerusalem Food plants contain different types of polysaccharides. Starches are very common, they are carbohydrates of which the basic molecule is glucose (glucose po... Straight Talk Omega 3, 6, and 9 The Good Fatty Acids. What Make Theses Fatty Acids Good For You? by Robert Read Apr 22, 2009 Fatty Acids are molecule chains made from atoms of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The importance of these acids is that they have. What is called bonding sites which allow other molecules to attach them self’s to the fatty acid.Complex fatty acids are...