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5.4857990943(23)×10^-4&_160;u^[7]
[1,822.88850204(77)]^-1&_160;u^{[note 1]}
0.510998910(13)&_160;MeV/c^2[7]

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has no known components or substructure, and therefore is believed to be an elementary particle.^[2] An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.^[8] The intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of the electron is a half integer value of h, which means that it is a fermion. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron, which is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, they may either scatter off each other or be totally annihilated, producing a pair (or more) of gamma ray photons. Electrons, which belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family,^[9] participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions.^[10] Electrons, like all matter, have quantum mechanical properties of both a particle and a wave, so they can collide with other particles and be diffracted like light. However, this duality is best demonstrated in experiments with electrons, due to their tiny mass. Since an electron is a fermion, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.^[9]

The concept of an indivisible amount of electric charge was theorized to explain the chemical properties of atoms, beginning in 1838 by British natural philosopher Richard Laming;^[4] the name electron was introduced for this charge in 1894 by Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney. The electron was identified as a particle in 1897 by J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists.^[6][11]

In many physical phenomena, such as electricity, magnetism, and thermal conductivity, electrons play an essential role. An electron in motion relative to an observer generates a magnetic field, and will be deflected by external magnetic fields. When an electron is accelerated, it can absorb or radiate energy in the form of photons. Electrons, together with atomic nuclei made of protons and neutrons, make up atoms. However, electrons contribute less than 0.06% to an atom's total mass. The attractive Coulomb force between an electron and a proton causes electrons to be bound into atoms. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding.^[12]

Electron Subcategories Electron Articles Should You Be Scared of the Free Radicals in Your Body? by Ellie Monski Aug 11, 2009 What is a free radical? You may have heard the words around and notice yourself wondering what is all the buzz? I have to take you back to chemistry. Atom, protron, and neutrons, yes we have to start with the basics. It is an atomic s... Free Radicals, Are You At Risk? by Ellie Monski Aug 10, 2009 What is a free radical? You may have heard the words around and discover yourself wondering what is all the buzz? I have to take you back to chemistry. Atom, protron, and neutrons, yes we have to start with the basics. It is an atomic... Free Radical, What is it? by Ellie Monski Aug 10, 2009 What is a free radical? You may have heard the words around and find yourself wondering what is all the buzz? I have to take you back to chemistry. Atom, protron, and neutrons, yes we have to start with the basics. It is an atomic str... The Beta Carotene Antioxidant Works to Fight Disease by Robert Bell Apr 07, 2009 The Beta Carotene supplement by Vitabase works as an intense antioxidant to move around in the system and also eradicate free radicals as well as the well known singlet oxygen component, ... Live healthy with antioxidants! by Jim Andrews Jan 19, 2009 Antioxidants are molecules which have the capacity to slow down or prevent the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation refers to chemical reaction resulting in electron transfer from any substance to oxidizing agent. Reaction of oxidation creates fre... Radicals, Antioxidants and life by Bart Nieuwenhuijsen Sep 02, 2008 Radicals are molecules, atoms or ions that have an unpaired (extra) electron in their outer (electron) shell. Unpaired electrons are highly reactive and play a part in many of many chemical reactions and biological processes. Since t... These Thugs are Attacking You! by Christine Illich Dec 03, 2006 A free-radical is a molecule or atom that is missing an electron. Free-radicals attack healthy cells within your body trying to steal an electron from them. Free-radicals are nothing more than thugs. All cancer is caused by free-radicals and the da... Antioxidants - Real Life Savers by Donovan Baldwin May 12, 2006 Copyright 2006 Donovan Baldwin To understand the value and importance of antioxidants, you must first understand the destructive results of free radicals. Free radicals occur naturally as a result of normal, daily reactions within your bo... The Five Fatal Diseases by Christine Illich Apr 30, 2006 The fact is there are 5 diseases that are fatal to humans, the first one is Heart Attack, the second is Cancer, then Stroke, Lung Disease and last but moving up fast in the list is Diabetes. The fatal five share two common elements, Free-rad... These Thugs Are Attacking You! by Christine Illich Apr 29, 2006 A free-radical is a molecule or atom that is missing an electron. Free-radicals attack healthy cells within your body trying to steal an electron from them. Free-radicals are nothing more than thugs. All cancer is caused by free-radicals a...